International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Research

Current Issue Volume 8 Issue 6 (November-December 2025)

    • Education Using Pop-Up Book Pull-Tabs Media to Increase Knowledge of Dental and Oral Health
      Abstract: Dental and oral health problems in Indonesia are still a serious concern, primarily among elementary school children. Riskesdas 2018 data shows that 45.3% of the population experiences dental damage, with the prevalence in North Sulawesi reaching 55.5%, and the 9-10 year old age group at 11.3%, although nationally the proportion of caries incidence decreased to 43.6% according to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey results. The incidence of dental caries in North Sulawesi is still in the high criteria (52.0%), occurring in children aged 9-10 years (37.2%). The decrease in dental caries incidence can be achieved by providing dental and oral health education to improve dental and oral health. Education can be delivered through an approach adapted to children's development to effectively increase their knowledge, for example, through pop-up book pull-tabs media. This study aims to determine the effect of education using pop-up book pull-tabs media on the increase in knowledge about dental and oral health among first and second-grade students of SDN 105 Manado. The research design used was a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 51 students. The measurement of this knowledge increase was carried out before and after providing education using pop-up book pull-tabs media and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study showed that before the treatment, 70.6% of students were in the poor knowledge category, but after the treatment, a significant increase in knowledge was observed (100%). The analysis using the Wilcoxon test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05), which means there was a significant effect before and after providing education using pop-up book media on the increase in dental and oral health knowledge.


      Keywords: Education, Pop-up book pull-tabs media



        • Dental and Oral Manifestations in Sickle Cell Anemia: A Comprehensive Review
          Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin, leading to a cascade of pathophysiological events including vaso-occlusion, chronic hemolysis, and inflammation. While the systemic effects of SCD are well-documented, the oral and dental manifestations are often overlooked yet can significantly impact patients' quality of life. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the dental issues associated with sickle cell anemia (SCA), the most severe form of SCD. Key manifestations include dental caries, periodontal disease, pulpal necrosis, enamel and dentin abnormalities, delayed tooth eruption, and orofacial pain. The underlying mechanisms, such as bone marrow hyperplasia, vaso-occlusive crises in the jaw, and chronic inflammation, are explored. The paper also discusses diagnostic considerations and management strategies tailored for dental care in patients with SCA, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to improve oral health outcomes in this vulnerable population.


          Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia; Oral Manifestations; Dental Caries; Periodontal Disease; Pulpal Necrosis; Enamel Hypoplasia; Bone Marrow Hyperplasia; Radiographic Findings; Vaso-Occlusive Crisis; Orofacial Pain; Taurodontism; Hemoglobinopathies; Preventive Dentistry; Multidisciplinary Care; India.



            • The Relationship Between Sedentary Lifestyle and The Incidence of Hypertension in Early Adulthood at The Ciracas Sub-District Health Center in East Jakarta
              Abstract:Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the world. A sedentary lifestyle is one of the factors that can cause hypertension because the development of current technology makes it easier for someone to carry out their activities quickly. Sedentary lifestyle is an activity with minimal movement that is dominated by sitting or lying down for a long time. This is inseparable from the life of early adulthood today, which allows spending time watching television, using gadgets or computers, sitting or lying down for a long time, and using transportation. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between sedentary lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension in early adulthood at the Ciracas District Health Center, East Jakarta. Method: This study design uses observational analytics with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design in data collection. A total of 97 respondents aged 18–40 years were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) questionnaire and blood pressure measurements with a digital Sphygmomanometer which were then analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Test Results: The results of the study showed a significant relationship between sedentary lifestyle and the incidence of hypertension (p-value 0.000 < a 0.05). Conclusion: Sedentary lifestyle is significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension in early adulthood. Educational and preventive efforts are needed to increase public awareness of the importance of physical activity in preventing hypertension from a young age


              Keywords: About Sedentary Lifestyle, Hypertension, Early Adulthood



                • ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN DENTISTRY-A REVIEW
                  Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of machines to execute tasks that traditionally require human intelligence. Healthcare AI is evolving and has a highly promising future. The main uses in dentistry are patient management, diagnosis and treatment planning, and administrative tasks. Consequently, this AI system facilitates the acquisition of familiarity with this technology for every dentist, as it possesses the potential to synergistically complement forthcoming revolutionary advancements in the field of dentistry. AI-driven technologies, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and computer vision, are increasingly integrated into various dental applications, such as radiographic interpretation, early caries and periodontal disease detection, orthodontic analysis, endodontic diagnosis, and prosthodontic design. In oral pathology, AI-powered models facilitate the early detection of oral cancer and lesions through pattern recognition in histopathological and radiographic images. Additionally, AI assists in predictive analytics, helping dentists anticipate disease progression and recommend personalized treatment strategies. some basic AI models such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and random forest have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in detecting dental caries, periodontal diseases, and periapical lesions from X-rays and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The article then delves into how AI is involved in periodontal disease, cariology, endodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics including classifying different types of periodontal disease, identifying areas of bone loss, determining the severity of the disease, analyzing dental images, and detecting early signs of diseases. AI also plays a crucial role in robotic-assisted dental surgeries, enhancing precision in implantology and minimally invasive procedures. In prosthodontics and orthodontics, AI streamlines the design and manufacturing of dental prostheses and aligners using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems and 3D printing technologies. Furthermore, AI-driven virtual assistants and chatbots improve patient engagement and administrative efficiency by automating appointment scheduling, patient education, and treatment follow-ups. On the other hand, the application of AI in dentistry is relatively uncommon because implementing AI technologies in dentistry presents several challenges that need to be addressed for successful implementation of AI technologies in dentistry. This review aims to explore and analyze the several applications of AI within the field of dentistry.


                  Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Dental Radiology, Oral Pathology, Convolutional Neural Networks, Predictive Analytics, AI in Dentistry, CAD/CAM, 3D Printing, Robotic Dentistry, Natural Language Processing