International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Research

Volume 7 Issue 5 (September-October 2024)

    • Education on Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment to Increase Students' Awareness of Dental Health Through Pre-Test and Post-Test Methods at SMPN 2 Probolinggo City
      Abstract:The level of public awareness of dental and oral health is still quite low, so the level prevalence of dental and oral health problems in Indonesia is still high. One of the dental and oral health problems that many people didn’t understand is malocclusion, malocclusion is about abnormalities in the position of the teeth and jaw. Malocclusion can affect the quality of life because it can interfere physically and psychologically. This lecture activity aims to increase the knowledge of students and the school community about malocclusion and orthodontic treatment which is evaluated using pretest and posttest methods for students at SMPN 2 Probolinggo City. Each class is divided into small groups to receive counseling. Before the counseling is carried out, each student is given a pretest sheet which aims to measure how much the student understands about malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. And next, malocclusion cases are examined using the ICON Index (Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need) and than students are given counseling about malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. At the end, students were given another posttest sheet which aimed to evaluate how well the students were able to absorb and understand information about malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. Based on the total score obtained, it can be determined that the level of understanding and to absorb/receive information of the counseling for female students is better than for male students. This can be seen from the total population, the percentage of female students is 39.34% who can receive the information very well, 6.23% of female students who have not been able to absorb/receive the counseling information, 8.52% of female students have no change in understanding (get the same point for pretest and posttest), and 0, 66% of female students understood from the start about malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. Meanwhile, 23.93% of male students were able to absorb/receive the information very well, 8.85% of male students were not able to absorb/receive the information well, and 9.84% of male students had no change in their understanding of malocclusion and 2.62% of male students understood from the start about malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. From the results of the data above, it can show the level of understanding and is expected to provide an initial overview of counseling methods for adolescent subjects.


      Keywords: Education, Malocclusion, Orthodontic, Probolinggo



    • The Effects of Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection on Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis
      Abstract:
      Introduction: The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) continues to rise along with the increase in life expectancy. When orally administered drugs are ineffective, intra-articular injection (IA) is the next treatment of choice. Intra-articular injection therapy with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a conservative treatment for knee osteoarthritis. This study aims to investigate the effect of IA-PRP on the severity of knee OA.
      Methods:This study is a clinical trial conducted at Puri Raharja Hospital Bali from January to June 2022. Fifty-three patients with knee OA grades 2-3 Kellgren-Lawrence were injected with 2 ml PRP for each intra-articular injection. Two injections were done at one-week intervals. The severity of knee OA was determined by Western Ontario and McMaster's University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. The score was assessed before injection and two weeks after the first injection.
      Results:The mean age of the subjects was 64.79 years, dominated by females (64.2%), normal body mass index (35.8%), suffering from OA grade II (56.6%) based on radiographs, grades I and III on ultrasound of osteophyte size (34%), and grade 2A on ultrasound of cartilage (39.6%). After PRP injection, there was a decrease in the WOMAC score of pain (Mean Difference (MD) 4.77 ± 4.98, p<0.001), stiffness (MD 1.71 ± 2.2, p<0.001), functional disability (MD 16 .75 ± 14.4, p < 0.001), and total WOMAC (MD 24.77 ± 16.6, p < 0.001).
      Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of PRP 2 times in 1-week intervals can reduce the level of pain, stiffness, and functional disability in patients with knee OA grade 2-4.


      Keywords: PRP, intra-articular injection, genu, OA, WOMAC



        • Factors Influencing Pregnant Women's Intent to Undergo Dental and Oral Examinations during Antenatal Care (K1) Visits
          Abstract:
          Introduction: Maternal health during pregnancy is a significant concern, as a substantial portion of maternal deaths worldwide, including in Indonesia, are attributed to infections. Dental and oral diseases are among the primary causes of such infections. This study addresses the low uptake of dental and oral examinations among pregnant women during their first antenatal care (K1) visit.
          Aim: To examine the factors influencing pregnant women's intent to undergo dental and oral examinations as part of their antenatal care (K1).
          Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design was conducted. Pregnant women were divided into a treatment group that received maternal independence training and a control group that received no intervention. A pre-test was administered to both groups. The sample consisted of 60 pregnant women from various in Gunung Anyar district, Surabaya.
          Results: Age, occupation, and outcome expectancies did not significantly influence the intent to undergo dental examinations. However, education level, self-efficacy, and perceived risk were significant predictors of intent. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor, with higher odds ratios in both the treatment and control groups.
          Conclusion: Factors such as education, self-efficacy, and perceived risk significantly influence pregnant women's intent to undergo dental and oral examinations during their first antenatal care visit. Interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy may be effective in increasing uptake of these services.


          Keywords: Intention, Antenatal Care (K1), dental and oral examinations, pregnant women



            • Non-Orthodontic Closure of Diastemas: An Interdisciplinary Approach- A Case Report
              Abstract: Diastemas in the anterior region are the most common aesthetic problem encountered in permanent dentitions which can occur as a result of developmental, pathological or iatrogenic reasons. Various therapies including restorative procedures, surgical correction of frenum and orthodontics are utilized in management of diastema to improve esthetics. Although literature recommend orthodontic treatment post frenectomy, we have opted for restorative approach following frenectomy technique without any orthodontic intervention. Presented here are case reports of a 22- and 19-year-old female patients with a high frenal attachment and orthodontic limitations that had caused spacing of the maxillary central incisors. Non-surgical periodontal therapy and a maxillary labial frenectomy were performed followed by restorative approach using laminate veneers. On follow-up of the case for 1 year it was observed that the space remained closed and there was no necessity for a re-orthodontic treatment to correct the diastema. These clinical cases demonstrate the efficacy of frenectomy and restorative therapy as a self-sufficient interdisciplinary approach for the correction of maxillary diastemas without orthodontic intervention.


              Keywords: Dental Esthetics, Digital Dentistry, Dental Veneers, Laser Surgery, Labial Frenectomy



                • Extensive Intestinal and Osseous Metaplasia in Chronic Pyelonephritis: an Unusual Presentation
                  Abstract: Normal lining epithelium of pelvi-calyceal system in human renal is transitional epithelium. Metaplastic transformation of renal pelvis and ureter transitional epithelium to intestinal epithelium is usually triggered by chronic injury due to various etiologies. Metaplastic changes to intestinal epithelium is prone for malignant transformation into adenocarcinoma. Here, we are presenting first unusual case of extensive intestinal metaplasia of renal pelvis and ureter leaving no residual transitional cell epithelium associated with osseous metaplasia in chronic pyelonephritis in a 63 years old male patient. This case is unusual in context with osseous metaplasia associated with extensive intestinal metaplasia. Renal stones may lead to metaplasia of pelvicalyceal system. This finding could be associated with neoplastic transformation, so it is prudent to report metaplastic changes in case of chronic pyelonephritis.


                  Keywords: Chronic Pyelonephritis, Metaplasia, Intestinal, Osseous



                    • Side Effects of Using Teeth Whitening Products: Literature Review
                      Abstract: The beauty of a smile is influenced by many factors, one of which is the bright color of the teeth. To achieve better aesthetics or appearance, the demand for teeth whitening is increasing. Effective teeth whitening treatments can help reduce and improve the appearance of full or partial denture restorations. Apart from their effectiveness in whitening teeth, teeth whitening products have side effects. This type of research is a literature review with thematic analysis method to analyze data from various literature sources, including books/e-books, regulations, policies, modules, journal articles and other publications. The focus of this research analysis is on the side effects of using teeth whitening products. There are several side effects from using teeth whitening agents, including increasing tooth sensitivity, acute cytotoxicity or poisoning of teeth whitening agents, tooth resorption, changes in the surface of tooth enamel, and changes in the formation of existing tooth fillings. Teeth whitening treatment must be carried out carefully with good planning before treatment, to minimize risks that may arise during treatment.


                      Keywords: Side Effects, Teeth Whitening, Products



                        • Retrieval of Rigid Metal Post and Esthetic Management of Anterior tooth- A Case Series
                          Abstract: The root canal treated tooth often requires post and placement. Prefabricated metal posts are still commonly used in clinical practice. Drawbacks of these metal posts include esthetic concerns, apart from their inherent rigidity. This case series showcases the management of teeth restored with metal post with fiber post and esthetic replacement of definitive restoration.


                          Keywords: Dental operating microscope, Esthetic rehabilitation, Metal and Fiber post, Post retrieval, Ultrasonics



                            • Comparative Analysis of CT Scanning and MRI Data for the Early Detection of Patients with Brain Tumor Recurrence
                              Abstract:
                              Background: Brain tumors pose a significant threat to patient well-being, and early detection of recurrence is essential for timely intervention and improved survival rates.
                              Objective: To compare CT and MRI for the early detection of brain tumor recurrence.
                              Methodology: This prospective cohort study aims to compare the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting early recurrence of primary brain tumors among patients treated at Kirkuk Teaching Hospital, 2024.
                              Result: The study involved a predominantly male population with an average age of 52 years. MRI outperformed CT in detecting brain tumor recurrence. It had a higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, suggesting that a positive MRI result is more likely to accurately indicate the presence of a recurrent tumor.
                              Conclusion: Both CT and MRI are valuable tools for detecting early signs of brain tumor recurrence.


                              Keywords: Comparative, CT and MRI, Brain tumor



                                • Neurotoxicity of Fluoride: A Narrative Review
                                  Abstract: Fluoride, an essential trace element and is crucial for skeletal metabolism and dental remineralization in humans. Excess fluoride consumption is linked to various adverse health effects impacting multiple organ systems. This review aimed to consolidate evidence on fluoride's systemic and neurotoxic effects. Fluoride's neurotoxic effects are well-documented, showing an inverse relationship between fluoride exposure and intelligence. Children in high-fluoride areas have significantly lower IQs compared to those in low-fluoride areas. The mechanisms of fluoride's neurotoxicity involve oxidative stress, apoptosis, enzyme inhibition, altered metabolic pathways, DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition, excitotoxicity, and effects on nerve impulse transmission. Though there is evidence linking fluoride exposure to reduced IQ, establishing a causal relationship remains challenging due to the multifactorial nature of intelligence. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to investigate the confounders such as genetics, environment, and nutrition. The review emphasizes the need for continued research and public health measures to mitigate adverse impacts of fluoride.


                                  Keywords: Fluoride, Neurotoxicity, Intelligent Quotient



                                    • Implementation of Water Activity as an Alternative Microbiological Method through on A Risk-Based Approach in the Pharmaceutical Industry
                                      Abstract: The use of alternative microbiological methods as water activity has been encouraged by the United States Pharmacopeia guidelines and local regulatory entities as INVIMA (National Food and Drug Surveillance Institute), since the quantification of water activity can be used as an indicator of the microbiological, physicochemical, and organoleptic stability of a specimen, since low water activity retards autohydrolysis and microbiological growth. Therefore, general chapters <922 and 1112> supports the use of water activity (Aw) below 0.60, along with historical microbiological data, to justify the reduction or elimination of routine microbiological testing (skip-lot testing). It is important to demonstrate that the product's microbiological quality is maintained when water activity is used as a predictive tool. This could be involved correlating water activity levels with historical microbiological data (at least the last 20 batches) to ensure that products with water activity below 0.60 consistently meet the required microbiological specification. This review summarized that water activity could be used as a microbiological predictable tool using a risk-based approach that should include water activity below 0.60, microbiological historical data, and robust microbiological skip-lot testing.


                                      Keywords: water activity, dew point chilled mirror method, alternative microbiological methods (AMM), risk-based approach



                                        • ROLE OF HOMOEOPATHY IN TOOTHACHE
                                          Abstract: Poor oral health can damage the tissues in the oral cavity, leading to long term problems. Tooth pain is hard to ignore. It will affect day to day life routine because of pain. Tooth pain and pain control is important to the dental profession. Successful dental treatment requires the source of pain to be detected. If the origin of pain is not found and/or inappropriate dental care may lead to extraction of tooth.


                                          Keywords: Toothache, Homoeopathy, Toothache causes, Prognosis, Prevention of Toothache, Homoeopathic remedy.



                                            • The relationship between dental health behavior and dental health status in patients with diabetes mellitus
                                              Abstract: Systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus are one of the risk factors for dental caries. People with diabetes mellitus have reduced saliva so that food sticks to the surface of the teeth, and if the food that sticks is from the carbohydrate group mixed with germs on the surface of the teeth and is not immediately cleaned, it can cause acidity in the mouth to decrease, which can lead to dental caries. Worse in people with diabetes, they generally rarely clean their teeth, this is because it is to avoid ulceration of the gums. Because when brushing their teeth, patients complain that their gums bleed easily. So these patients choose other alternatives, namely only using mouthwash such as regular mouthwash without brushing their teeth again, this is very important in maintaining dental health behavior in people with diabetes mellitus. Purpose: The study aims to analyze the relationship between dental health behavior and dental health status in patients with diabetes mellitus. Method: This type of research is descriptive analytical with a cross-sectional design. The population in the study were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent treatment at the Dentica Pondok Labu dental clinic, South Jakarta. The sampling method was purposive sampling that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was obtained through a questionnaire of knowledge, attitudes and actions and examination of dental caries status, periodontal dental hygiene. As for data analysis with the chi-square test. Results: The results of the chi-square test obtained both knowledge, attitudes and actions towards dental caries status, dental hygiene status and periodontal tissue status with a p value <0.05. Conclusion : There is a relationship between dental health behavior and health status in patients with diabetes mellitus.


                                              Keywords: behavior; dental health status; patients; diabetes mellitus.



                                                • Breath of Fresh Air: Homeopathic Solutions for Halitosis
                                                  Abstract:Halitosis is known as bad breath that emanates from the oral cavity is also referred as Halitosis. It is a mouth condition which causes a bad smell from the oral cavity. In Halitosis conventional treatment usually not able to cure permanently. Homoeopathy stimulates the body’s self-healing mechanism, addresses the root cause & it is mainly based on individualized approach. Homoeopathic remedies are prepared by a process of repeated dilution and shaking, which renders them capable of stimulating the healing process. The treatment is not directed at removing symptoms or killing germs but, rather, toward strengthening the person so that his or her own healing capacities function better. Homoeopathy can be effective in relieving acute episodes as well as prevents recurrent episodes of it. This articleaims to enhance our understanding of this Halitosis and Homoeopathic approach towards the problem, provide insights for individuals, healthcare professionals to address Halitosis effectively and also this is an attempt to highlight the possible role of Homeopathy in the management of Halitosis.


                                                  Keywords: Bad breath, Halitosis, Homoeopathy, Individualized, Oral health,



                                                    • Parenting Patterns and Social Emotional Development of Elementary School-Age Children at East Jakarta
                                                      Abstract:Children's social-emotional development is indicated by maturity in their social interactions. Problems with the social and emotional development of primary school-age children can cause several obstacles, such as learning difficulties, difficulty seeking friends and socializing. Each phase of child development requires the role of parents to detect early and prevent delays in child development. Children raised with democratic parenting have good socialization skills because they develop in a family that always supports them with love, warmth, and harmonious communication. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between parenting patterns and the social-emotional development of elementary school-age children in the East Jakarta Region. Methods: This study used a non-experimental correlational quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted on April 24-26, 2024 at SD Negeri Ciracar 10 Pagi. The sample in this study amounted to 133 parents of students and data analysis using the chi-square test. Research Results: The results of the chi-square test of parenting patterns with children's social emotional development obtained a value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05), it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between parenting patterns and the social emotional development of elementary school children in the East Jakarta.


                                                      Keywords: children's social emotional development, elementary school-age children, parenting patterns.



                                                        • Transition Metal Complexes of New Schiff Base Derived from Trimethoprim with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities
                                                          Abstract:In the present study, the new Schiff base ligand (HL) was prepared by condensing 2,4- diamine (Trimethoxybenzyl 3,4,5)-5 pyrimidine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde.In turn, the transition metal complexes were prepared. The ligand and its metal complexesCo(II), Ni(II) , Cu(II) and Zn(II) have been characterized by elemental analysis, metal content, chloride containing, molar conductance, FT-IR spectra , 1H-NMR, UV-Vis spectra, magnetic susceptibility and mass spectra.Antioxidant efficiencies of compounds were estimated versus 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Then, they were compared toL-ascorbic acid used as a phenolic reference to investigate the antioxidant activity.The selected ligand and complexes were tested for the antioxidant property.


                                                          Keywords: Antioxidant, Complexes, Mass spectra, Schiff bases



                                                            • The Effect of Topical Application Counseling Using Fairy Tale Book Media on the Level of Knowledge and Interest of Elementary School Children
                                                              Abstract:Dental and oral health problem had a high prevalence were dental caries. Based on preliminary study used questionnaires on 10 students at SD Negeri Nogotirto, it was found the data that shows 70% of students had never received counseling about topical application to prevent dental caries. Through the topical application counseling used media, one of which was fairy tale book media expected to improve dental and oral health. Purpose : To knew the effect of topical application counseling used fairy tale book media on the level of knowledge and interest of elementary school children. Method : This study used a Quasi Experiment with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sampling used saturated sampling technique with 60 respondents. The research variables were topical application counseling used fairy tale book media and the level of knowledge and interest. The data collection used pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The data analysis used Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney test. Results : The knowledge level of topical applications before gave counseling used fairy tale book media with good criteria amounted to (46.7%) and after gave counseling became (86.7%). The interest in topical applications before gave counseling used fairy tale book media with high criteria of (56.7%) and after gave counseling to (86.7%). The result of Mann-Whitney obtained 0,021 < 0,05 at the level of knowledge and 0,029 < 0,05 at the level of interest. Therefore, it can be concluded that there was an effect of fairy tale book media on the level of knowledge and interest of elementary school children. Conclusion : Topical application counseling used fairy tale book media increased the knowledge and interest of elementary school children.


                                                              Keywords: Counseling, topical application, fairy tale book, level of knowledge, interest.